Figure 5

Possible Würm glacial distribution patterns (indicated by "R") of the adder Vipera berus and assumed postglacial range changes (arrows). The three major genetic lineages are indicated by different signatures of the refugia – dotted line, blue: western Balkan lineage; broken line, red: south-eastern Alps line; solid line, black: widespread lineage with different sub-lineages. Redrawn after Ursenbacher et al. [55].