Fig. 8

Observed and simulated shape (left) and size (right) disparity for the different biomes. Bars represent the simulated frequencies of shape and size disparity based on species richness in each biome. The horizontal black line shows the 95% confidence interval. The vertical dashed line represents the observed value. p, probability in each biome that the observed morphological disparity is different (higher or lower) than the estimated based on species richness