Table 3 Numeration and definition of the landmarks and the curves used in this work (Fig. 1)
Landmark | Definition of the landmark |
|---|---|
1 | Anterior (mid-sagittal) point of the premaxilla |
2 | Midpoint of the tooth sockets of the incisors |
3 | Anterior end of the incisor foramen |
4 | Posterior end of the incisor foramen |
5 | Tip of the masseter tubercle |
6 | Anterior end of the fourth upper premolar |
7 | Maximum curvature at the internal zygomatic arch |
8 | Posterior end of tooth row |
9 | Anterior end of the suture between the alisphenoid and the squamosal zygomatic process |
10 | Suture between maxilla and palatine in the mid-sagittal plane |
11 | Posterior end of the suture between right palatine and left palatine |
12 | Pterygoid apophysis |
13 | Anterior end of the edge of the foramen magnum |
14 | Posterior end of the edge of the foramen magnum |
15 | Point of crossing between the occipital condyle and the internal edge of the foramen magnum |
16 | Outermost point of the occipital condyle |
17 | Anterior tip of the external auditory meatus |
18 | Posterior tip of the zygomatic arch |
19 | Point of the rostrum furthest from the sagittal plane along the suture between the premaxilla and maxilla |
Curve 1 | Curve delimiting the snout, between landmarks 1 and 19 (8 semilandmarks) |
Curve 2 | Outer curve of the zygomatic arch, between landmarks 19 and 18 (18 semilandmarks) |
Curve 3 | Inner curve of the zygomatic arch, between landmarks 7 and 9 (18 semilandmarks) |
Curve 4 | Curve along the contour of the fourth upper premolar in a counterclockwise direction (18 semilandmarks) |